Anti-perspirant and deodorant are often used interchangeably, but they work in different ways and are regulated differently by the FDA. An anti-perspirant reduces sweat itself, while a deodorant only addresses odor. Understanding the difference can help you choose the right product, especially if you have sensitive skin or want to avoid fragrance and other common chemical irritants.
What is the Difference Between an Anti-perspirant and a Deodorant?
How Anti-Perspirants Work
Anti-perspirants are formulated to prevent underarm sweating and wetness. Aluminum compounds temporarily plug the sweat ducts, which reduces sweat on the skin surface. Anti-perspirants are regulated by the FDA and are considered over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The active ingredient must be an approved aluminum compound, and the labeling must include Drug Facts as outlined in the OTC monograph, which provides the FDA "rules" for anti-perspirants.
How Deodorants Differ from Anti-Perspirants
Aluminum-free deodorants are formulated to neutralize or mask underarm odor. They do not prevent sweating or wetness. A deodorant without aluminum is considered a cosmetic because it does not contain an aluminum compound or other active ingredients.
Combination Anti-Perspirant/Deodorant Products
An anti-perspirant/deodorant combats both sweat and odor in one product. These combination products are very common.
The anti-perspirant component still requires an approved aluminum compound as the active ingredient. Because of this, all anti-perspirant/deodorant products are considered OTC drugs and are regulated by the FDA.
The effect of an anti-perspirant on reducing underarm sweat and wetness has the additional effect of reducing odor.
Does Aluminum in Anti-Perspirants Cause Cancer?
Speculation regarding the use of aluminum in anti-perspirants and the risk of breast cancer has been shown to be unfounded. The FDA, the American Cancer Society, and the National Cancer Institute have independently investigated and concluded there is no credible scientific or medical evidence linking the use of anti-perspirants to breast cancer.
Skin Irritation and Sensitivity Concerns
The main concern with using a deodorant or anti-perspirant is skin irritation. For people with sensitive skin, this can be a real issue. Most anti-perspirants and deodorants contain fragrances or botanicals to help mask odor. Just because a product says "fragrance-free" does not mean no fragrance is used. Some products claiming to be fragrance-free, unscented, or hypoallergenic still contain botanicals or other ingredients to impart a pleasant smell, which may be irritating to sensitive skin. Even if a product is labeled for sensitive skin, always check the label carefully for common chemical irritants or other ingredients that may be of concern for you.